为探索松墨天牛取食对林木的分解作用,本文通过对松墨天牛幼虫及成虫取食量的测定,寄主云南松韧皮组织及松墨天牛幼虫排泄物成分对比分析,并与资源利用相同的木材微生物分解能力进行对比,阐明了松墨天牛作为分解者的重要分解作用。研究表明,松墨天牛幼虫期(约为55 d)取食分解林木生物量平均为12.42 g(24.40 cm3),成虫期取食分解林木生物量平均为12.87 g(25.28 cm3);松墨天牛幼虫对糖类物质的利用度很高,具有较强的纤维分解利用能力,取食分解后总糖减少83.58%,粗纤维减少23.87%,1头松墨天牛幼虫期分解的林木粗纤维质量为1.93 g,分解利用率为0.008 g·d-1。松墨天牛对林木的分解证明,天牛作为一种重要的林木分解的先驱者,可以分解林木,更重要的是松墨天牛攻击亚健康林木,为微生物分解林木提供了容易入侵的途径,加速了亚健康林木的分解与循环,在森林生态系统物质分解与循环中具有重要的促进作用。

The pine shoot beetle Tomicus yunnanensis (Kirkendall and Faccoli) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) is one of the main pests of pine forest in southwest China. Its life cycle involves reproduction in the phloem of trucks or larger brunches of dead or weakened trees, followed by a long maturation feeding by callow adult in shoots of healthy trees which often cause massive tree death. A simple and practical method for rearing T. yunnanensis was set up using host timber segments and artificial pupal cells by continuous rearing works within past four years. Then its experimental population was established in laboratory and the living habits during the latent phase were observed using this new rearing method. The results show that it completes three generations in one year under laboratory condition in Kunming, Yunnan Province. The mean time of each generation is 101 days, and the mean survival rate is 92.4%. A mating female begins to oviposit after 6 days and may last 122 days. The average oviposition number is 429 per female in its life time. The method is easy to operate and may provide effective approaches for getting standard experimental insects for further research.